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What is architecture?

What is enterprise architecture?

What is systems architecture?

What is software architecture?


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Software architects decide how the structure will look and act. Software engineers make the structure sound.

Just as in building architecture, software architecture marries technology and function with human aesthetics and productivity to determine how the structure will look and feel to the inhabitants. Software architecture strives to meet human needs, solve human problems, and enhance human activity via design.

Enterprise Architecture
Enterprise Architecture identifies the main components of an organization and how components in the organization's nervous system function together to achieve business objectives. These components include personnel, business processes, technology, financial information, and other resources.

Enterprise Architecture is generally defined in terms of its constituent architectures. Enterprise Architecture is the collection of strategic and architectural disciplines that encompass the Information, Business System, and Technical Architectures.

  • Information architecture [or Data architecture] is the structure (including interdependencies and relationships) of information required and in use by the organization. (*)
  • Business systems architecture defines the structure and content (information and function) of all business systems in the organization.
  • The technical (or infrastructure) architecture describes and maintains the integrity of the hardware, software, and infrastructure environment required to support the business systems architecture and the information architecture - or the "platform".
  • Application (or software) architecture is the set of significant decisions about the organization (structure) of a software system, and the architectural style that guides this organization.

    (*) The term "Information architecture" is often used pertaining to web site design, to describe the discipline of designing navigation systems, labeling systems, organization systems, indexing, searching methods, and methaphors for large webs sites. In the field of Enterprise Architecture, the term Data Architecture is more commonly used instead of Information architecture.

    Systems Architecture
    Systems architecture can best be thought of as both a process and a discipline to produce efficient and effective information systems. It is a process because a set of steps is followed to produce or change the architecture of the system. It is a discipline because a body of knowledge informs people as to the most effective way to design.

    A system is an interconnected set of machines, applications, and network resources. System architecture unifies that set by imposing structure on the system. More importantly, this structure aligns the functionality of the system with the goals of the business.

    The basic purpose of systems architecture is to support the higher layers of the enterprise architecture. The fundamental purpose is to support the business objects of the enterprise.

    Software Architecture
    The software architecture of a system or collection of systems consists of the important design decisions about the software structures and the interactions between those structures that comprise the systems. These design decisions support a desired set of qualities that the system should support to be successful. The design decisions provide a conceptual basis for system development, support, and maintenance.

    References
    The above definitions are from "
    A Practical Guide To Enterprise Architecture" by James McGovern et al, Prentice Hall, 2004; and "Guide to Enterprise IT Architecture" by Col Perks and Tony Beveridge, 2002.

    Additional information at Bredemeyer Consulting's Resources for Software Architects), and at Enterprise-Wide IT Architecture (EWITA) Website).

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